Exposed to pollution can trigger the release of skin damaging free radicals. Additionally, pollution worsens the effects of accelerated oxidative stress by sun exposure.

Exposure to the sun’s rays is one of the main factors for skin ageing via oxidative stress.

The chemicals and nicotine inside cigarettes are responsible for a rise in the amount of free radicals in the skin. They intensify the effects of sun exposure, leading to oxidative stress.

Anti-oxidants are molecules with the ability to neutralise the free radicals that damage skin and speed up skin ageing. A diet lacking in antioxidants will do nothing to help slow down general skin ageing.

Dynamic wrinkle lines are temporarily formed while making a facial expression and will not appear when the muscles are relaxed.

Over time, dynamic wrinkles become permanent wrinkles when there is continuous formation of facial expression.

Neck lines are caused by skin losing elasticity and being exposed to UV light over time. It is formed by repeatedly looking down at the phone, smoking, or not using sunscreen.

Atrophic wrinkles are the “11 lines”; the deep furrowed wrinkles that run parallel between the eyes. These lines form with the gradual breakdown of collagen and elastin in the skin.

Crow’s feet wrinkles are the little lines spreading out from the corners of your eyes.

Laugh lines are static wrinkles in the skin of a person’s face that appear around the outer corners of the mouth and eyes.